The earliest masonic documents are those of their early employers, the church and the state. Illustrated by Pauline Baynes and originally published between 1950 and 1956, The Chronicles of Narnia has been adapted for radio, television, the stage, film and computer games. [92], Taking a different stance altogether, Monika B. Hilder provides a thorough examination of the feminine ethos apparent in each book of the series, and proposes that critics tend to misread Lewis’s representation of gender. Two other Scottish constitutions, the Kilwinning and the Aberdeen, declare that masons are liegemen of the King of England. Michael Ward's 2008 book Planet Narnia[41] proposes that each of the seven books related to one of the seven moving heavenly bodies or "planets" known in the Middle Ages according to the Ptolemaic geocentric model of cosmology (a theme to which Lewis returned habitually throughout his work). In this case we are told that the first charges proceeded from Euclid's instruction of the sons of the Egyptian Lords. After an opening thanksgiving prayer, the text enumerates the Seven Liberal Arts, giving precedence to geometry, which it equates with masonry. Speth postulated, in 1890, that these sources were much older than the manuscript, a view that remained unchallenged for over a century. [27] Peter Schakel devotes an entire chapter to this topic in his book Imagination and the Arts in C. S. Lewis: Journeying to Narnia and Other Worlds, and in Reading with the Heart: The Way into Narnia he writes: Aslan, the Great Lion, is the titular lion of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, and his role in Narnia is developed throughout the remaining books. Jabal discovered geometry, and became Cain's Master Mason. [3] The original illustrator, Pauline Baynes, created pen and ink drawings for the Narnia books that are still used in the editions published today. [4] It came to the attention of Freemasonry much later, this oversight being mainly due to the librarian David Casley, who described it as "a Poem of Moral Duties" when he catalogued it in 1734. The seven books that make up The Chronicles of Narnia are presented here in order of original publication date: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, completed by the end of March 1949[16] and published by Geoffrey Bles in the United Kingdom on 16 October 1950, tells the story of four ordinary children: Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy Pevensie, who have been evacuated to the English countryside from London following the outbreak of World War II. [14][15], The Lodge of Melrose successfully ignored the Grand Lodge of Scotland for a century and a half, finally joining in 1891 as the Lodge Of Melrose St. John No 1 bis. [28][citation not found][29] In his book Miracles, C.S. The minute book of the lodge, which is extant, commences in 1702 and inside the front covers is the part which is identical to the last portion of the Edinburgh Register House and Airlie MSS. This ended in abuse of power, and the Magistrates removed the privilege in 1620. The contents of Grand Lodge 1 tell the same tale as the Dowland manuscript, with only minor changes. This obvious absurdity has been interpreted by Neville Barker Cryer as a coded reference to Alcuin of York, possibly from a misunderstanding of one of his poems. Hailed as the world's oldest masonic ritual, the Edinburgh Register House manuscript of 1696 starts with a catechism for proving a person who has the word is really a mason. She is the next-door neighbour of the young Digory Kirke. [35] Strasbourg was already recognised as the Haupthütte, or Grand Lodge of German masons. Mark Gordon, Douglas Gresham and Vincent Sieber will serve as executive producers. Several Narnian allegories are also used to explore issues of religion and faith versus science and knowledge. [21], The Airlie MS was discovered in 2000 by Dr Helen Dingwall whilst undertaking unrelated research in Edinburgh Register House (which gave its name to the MS ritual referred to above) in the National Archives of Scotland. "[116][citation not found]. Anderson's regulations, the second part of the book, followed on a set of charges devised by George Payne during his second term as Grand Master. The manuscript for The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe was complete by the end of March 1949. In The Magician's Nephew the young Digory, thanks to his uncle's magical experimentation, inadvertently brings Jadis from her dying homeworld of Charn to the newly-created world of Narnia; to fix his mistake Aslan sends him to fetch a magical apple which will protect Narnia and heal his dying mother. The minutes cease for the final time in 1792. In The Silver Chair he makes two brief appearances as an old, dying man, but at the end is resurrected in Aslan's Country. Moreover, the land is ruled by two Aslan-like rams named Ember and Umber, and terrorised by The Watcherwoman. [98], Nicholas Wanberg has argued, echoing claims by Mervyn Nicholson, that accusations of racism in the books are "an oversimplification", but he asserts that the stories employ beliefs about human aesthetics, including equating dark skin with ugliness, that have been traditionally associated with racist thought. [10], Within this manuscript and the Dowland we find a curious mason called Naymus Grecus (Dowland has Maymus or Mamus Grecus), who had been at the building of Solomon's Temple, and who taught masonry to Charles Martel before he became King of France, thus bringing masonry to Europe. Kilwinning was given charge of the West of Scotland, and charged to examine their masons in "the art of memory", with fines prescribed for failure. The production was later revived at Westminster and The Royalty Theatre and went on tour until 1997. [64], Lev Grossman's New York Times best-seller The Magicians is a contemporary dark fantasy about an unusually gifted young man obsessed with Fillory, the magical land of his favourite childhood books. Released in 2008, it was co-produced by Walden Media and Walt Disney Pictures, co-written and directed by Andrew Adamson, with Screenwriters including Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely. BY J. DORMAN STEELE, PH.D., F.G.S., AUTHOR OF THE FOURTEEN WEEKS SERIES IN PHYSIOLOGY, … It is the first of the charges to bear a date, which is just discernible as 1583, on 25 December. She echoes the logic of Plato’s Cave by comparing the sun to a nearby lamp, arguing that reality is only that which is perceived in the immediate physical vicinity. Alan Jacobs, an English professor at Wheaton College, asserts that Lucy is the most admirable of the human characters and that generally the girls come off better than the boys throughout the series (Jacobs, 2008: 259)[citation not found]. In the Trinity college text the Mason Word is actually written down as "Matchpin", and appears to be part of an early Master Mason's degree. from second German edition, Asher & Co, London, 1866, pp168-180, Quatuor Coronatorum Antigrapha, Vol 10, 1913, Witham Matthew Bywater, Notes on Laurence Dermott G.S. Prior to the events of The Silver Chair she has murdered Caspian's Queen and then seduced and abducted his son Prince Rilian. She appears at the end of The Last Battle. The book's plot revolves heavily around a place very like the "wood between the worlds" from The Magician's Nephew, an interworld waystation in which pools of water lead to other lands. The charges and regulations of the Antients were derived from Anderson by way of Pratt's Irish Constitutions. [citation needed]. [122][123], Series of children's fantasy novels by C. S. Lewis, "Narnia" redirects here. His son, now named as Edwinne, is the expert geometrician who obtains his father's charter for an annual assembly of masons, that should be "renewed from Kinge to Kinge". [3] Scholars and readers who appreciate the original order believe that Lewis was simply being gracious to his youthful correspondent and that he could have changed the books' order in his lifetime had he so desired. A Timeline of Roman History. [39], The Schaw Statutes were issued from Edinburgh, where Schaw seems to have met with representatives of lodges from central and eastern Scotland to formulate these regulatory principles. Most numerous are the Old Charges or Constitutions. The story is set in 1900, when Digory was a 12-year-old boy. Strasbourg was annexed by France in 1681, and its rule over German operative lodges interdicted at the beginning of the 18th century. "The one of the elders takeing the Booke / and that hee or shee that is to be made mason / shall lay their hands thereon / and the charge shall bee given". In later years, both Lewis and the Chronicles have been criticised (often by other authors of fantasy fiction) for gender role stereotyping, though other authors have defended Lewis in this area. Nemias, or Nehemias, was Alcuin's code name for Eberhard, Charlemagne's cupbearer. The craft is then taught to the children of Israel, and from the Temple of Solomon finds its way to France, and thence to Saint Alban's England. Escaping a forced betrothal to the loathsome Ahoshta, she joins Shasta on his journey and inadvertently overhears a plot by Rabadash, crown prince of Calormen, to invade Archenland. By "chance", they meet and plan their return to Narnia and freedom. 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